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Patterns and processes of evolution. How evolution and natural selection are reflected in the similarities and differences of organisms. 

When electromagnetic radiation is absorbed by a material the energy it carries has to go somewhere. When lower energy waves, like radio and infrared waves, are absorbed there can be an increase in temperature of the absorbing material. Higher energy waves, like x-ray and gamma waves, can actually permanently damage or change materials. Learn about the different types of electromagnetic waves and how their energies can influence their effects on objects.

Video 1: What are frequency polygons?
Video 2: Examples of frequency polygons
Video 3: Further examples of frequency polygons

By the end of this unit you will be able to:

• Calculate measures of central tendency and percentiles on grouped data.
• Construct a frequency polygon.
• Construct a line graph.

This video explores how to find the mean from data in a table.

This video explores the histogram: which is one of the ways in which to present data.

Video 1: How to create a line graph based on data
Video 2: Examples of different line graphs
Video 3: Further examples of line graphs

Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.

This video explains how pie charts can be used to display data in a more 'user-friendly' way.

This video explains how to plot straight line graphs.