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Plant cells have a cell wall in addition to a cell membrane, whereas animal cells have only a cell membrane. Plants use cell walls to provide structure to the plant. Plant cells contain organelles called chloroplasts, while animal cells do not. Chloroplasts allow plants to make the food they need to live using photosynthesis.

Comparison of the processes of mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis produces two diploid (2n) somatic cells that are genetically identical to each other and the original parent cell, whereas meiosis produces four haploid (n) gametes that are genetically unique from each other and the original parent (germ) cell. Mitosis involves one cell division, whereas meiosis involves two cell divisions.

The amount of effort saved when using machines is called mechanical advantage (MA). Simple machines use mechanical advantage as a key property to their functionality, helping humans perform tasks that would require more force than a person could produce. We will use the lever as an example of a simple machine to illustrate the concept of mechanical advantage.

An interactive lesson discussing congruent triangles.

Outcomes

In this course you will learn about:

1. Conditions for congruency.
2. Proving congruent triangles.

In this lesson you will learn that:

• Circuit diagrams are used to show how electrical components are connected in a circuit.
• Individual circuit components are represented using circuit symbols.
• Current is the flow of electrons around a circuit.
• Ammeters are used to measure the current flowing through components. 
• Components in a circuit resist current flow.
• Voltmeters are used to measure the potential difference across components.

Outcomes:

• Describe how the concept of density relates to an object's mass and volume.
• Explain how objects of similar mass can have differing volume, and how objects of similar volume can have differing mass.
• Explain why changing an object's mass or volume does not affect its density (ie, understand density as an intensive property).
• Measure the volume of an object by observing the amount of fluid it displaces.
• Identify an unknown material by calculating its density and comparing to a table of known densities.

Learn about DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Overview of DNA bases, complementary base pairing, and the structure of the double helix.

By the end of this unit you will be able to:

• Understand when to use Venn diagrams.
• Draw Venn diagrams.
• Interpret Venn diagrams.

The Earth behaves like a giant bar magnet and as such there is a magnetic field present around it. The Earth’s magnetic field is thought to be caused by flowing liquid metals in the outer core of the planet which causes electric currents and a magnetic field.